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Chemical peels using glycolic or lactic acid at professional concentrations accelerate pigmented cell turnover, laser treatments like Q-switched or IPL target melanin directly with high energy, dermal fillers restore volume correcting structural shadows peptides cannot address, and microneedling enhances peptide penetration while stimulating additional collagen production through controlled injury response

Limited, well-timed use around surgical repair, embryo transfer, or ovulation could still exploit the pro-repair and angiogenic effects while minimizing systemic exposure

Cell Tissue Res 377 (2), 153159

In proof-of-concept studies, NNMT inhibitors (NNMTis) have demonstrated promise as potential treatments for obesity and obesity-related metabolic comorbidities (e.g., T2D, fatty liver) 8,9,13